SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: DYNAMICS OF POSTPARTUM MENTAL HEALTH: RISK FACTORS, INTERVENTIONS, AND THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT

Abstract

Postpartum mental health is an important issue that affects the well-being of mothers and children. Mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are at high risk for mothers after giving birth. Risk factors, interventions, and social support play an important role in the dynamics of postpartum maternal mental health. This study aims to evaluate the factors that influence postpartum mental health as well as interventions that can be applied to overcome this problem. This research used a systematic review that examined 42 journals related to postpartum mental health. A literature search was conducted via PubMed and Google Scholar with relevant keywords such as postpartum mental health, risk factors, interventions, and social support. Studies that met inclusion criteria were analyzed to evaluate risk factors, interventions, and the role of social support in maternal mental health after childbirth. The results of the review show that the main risk factors for postpartum mental health disorders include hormonal changes, history of mental disorders, psychosocial stress, and lack of social support. Effective interventions include cognitive and behavioral therapy, psychosocial support, as well as holistic approaches such as yoga. Social support from partners, family and community has been proven to improve maternal emotional well-being and reduce stress. Postpartum mental health dynamics are influenced by risk factors that can be managed with appropriate interventions and social support. This research suggests a multidisciplinary approach to support postpartum maternal mental health, and further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of such interventions.